Figure 3: (a) XBP-1 immunolocalization in BeWo cells. Representative photomicrographs of BeWo cells showing eIF2 alpha expression following various treatments: PE sera (PS), vascular endothelial growth factor (PS + re-vascular endothelial growth factor), tunicamycin (positive control/PC_Tun 5 μ g/ml), and no treatment (negative control/NC). (b) (i) Bar diagrams represent normalized values of XBP1, (ii) Representative images of immunoblot showing the expression of XBP1 in BeWo cells. β-actin was used as protein loading control. (c) Comparison of normalized protein values of XBP1 between PS and PS + re-vascular endothelial growth factor-treated BeWo cells